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Percy Ernst Schramm (14 October 1894, Hamburg – 21 November 1970, Göttingen) was a German historian. Much of his work focused on medieval political symbolism and ritual, particularly the ideology of the medieval state, including the ways in which the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire in the Middle Ages represented their authority through images and rituals, as well as the transmission of ideas about the Roman Empire in medieval political and religious thought. His work is still considered a foundational contribution to the fields of art history and political theory. Schramm is also known for his works on the history of the city-state of Hamburg, including his monumental work ''Nine Generations'' that focuses on his own family and more broadly on the leading Hanseatic families of Hamburg over three centuries. Schramm is also well-known to military historians as the official staff diarist of the German High Command during World War II and a key witness at the Nuremberg Trials. He served as a Professor of History at the University of Göttingen from 1929 to 1963, with an interruption during the war when he held the rank of major and served as staff diarist. == Early life and education == Schramm was born to a wealthy and cosmopolitan family in Hamburg, that belonged to the class of Hanseatic families. His father, Max Schramm, was a lawyer, senator and second mayor (i.e. deputy mayor) from 1925 to 1928. His grandfather Ernst Schramm (1812–1882) had been a major sugar merchant in Hamburg and Brazil. His mother Olga Oswald also belonged to a prominent Hanseatic family.〔http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz73980.html〕 The young Percy served in the German Army during World War I and went on to study history and art history at several of Germany's elite universities, including Hamburg, Munich and Heidelberg. In 1922, he completed his doctoral studies at the University of Heidelberg under the medieval historian Karl Hampe. He remained at Heidelberg for two more years to write his ''Habilitationschrift'' on the topic of German imperial ideology in the tenth and eleventh centuries, and in particular, how the German emperors of the medieval period appropriated the imagery and history of the ancient Roman Empire for their own rule. Published in 1929 as ''Kaiser, Rom und Renovatio: Studien und Texte zur Geschichte des römischen Erneuerungsgedankens vom Ende des karolingischen Reiches biz zum Investiturstreit'' (Emperor, Rome and ''Renovatio'': Studies and Texts on the History of Roman Ideologies of Renewal from the End of the Carolingian Empire to the Investiture Controversy), Schramm's thesis was a landmark piece of highly original, interdisciplinary scholarship that transformed the way medieval historians approached the subject of political ideology. He demonstrated that art history, a field of study which at the time fell mostly to dilettantes and gentleman scholars, deserved a place in serious academic inquiry alongside history and philology. Schramm's work also emphasized the centrality of symbols and ritual in articulating and defining political ideologies. In a rite of passage required of most German medievalists at the time, Schramm worked for two years at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica before being offered a professorship. In 1929, he was awarded a chair in history at the University of Göttingen, one of Germany's most prestigious universities. His students at Göttingen included Berent Schwineköper, the American professor of German History, Donald Detwiler, and the Hungarian medievalist János Bak. Schramm remained there until his retirement in 1963. Speaking fluent English, he received an invitation to teach at Princeton University during the 1933 academic year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Percy Ernst Schramm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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